N2Jenomics Lab Pvt. Ltd. offers comprehensive epigenomics sequencing services to investigate genome-wide epigenetic modifications. Our advanced platforms support a wide variety of sample types, enabling researchers to study DNA methylation, chromatin regulation, and RNA modifications for applications in disease research, developmental biology, and precision medicine.
What Are Epigenetic Modifications?
Epigenetic modifications are heritable and reversible changes in gene activity that occur without altering the underlying DNA sequence. These modifications regulate gene expression and play essential roles in cell differentiation, development, aging, and disease.
The two major epigenetic mechanisms are:
• DNA Methylation – Chemical modification of DNA, primarily at CpG sites, that influences gene expression.
- • Chromatin Modifications – Histone modifications and chromatin remodeling that regulate DNA accessibility and transcription.
Epigenomics Overview
• Epigenome
The epigenome consists of chemical modifications to DNA and chromatin that control gene activity without changing the DNA sequence.
Key components include:
- - DNA Modifications: 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC)
- - Histone Modifications: Marks such as H3K27me3, H3K4me3, and H3K27ac
- - Chromatin Accessibility: Regulatory changes mediated by transcription factors and chromatin-associated proteins
• Epitranscriptome
The epitranscriptome includes chemical modifications on RNA molecules that regulate RNA stability, processing, translation, and function.
Common RNA modifications include:
- - N6-methyladenosine (m6A)
- - N1-methyladenosine (m1A)
- - Pseudouridine (Ψ)
DNA Methylation Sequencing Technologies
DNA methylation sequencing enables genome-wide profiling of methylation patterns with high accuracy and resolution. N2Jenomics Lab Pvt. Ltd. offers multiple sequencing approaches tailored to different research objectives.
Our supported technologies include:
- • Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing (WGBS) for single-base, genome-wide methylation analysis.
- • Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS) for cost-effective profiling of CpG-rich regions.
- • Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (MeDIP-Seq) for enrichment-based methylation analysis.
These next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies provide reliable, quantitative DNA methylation data to support studies in epigenetics, cancer biology, developmental biology, neuroscience, and biomarker discovery
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (ChIP-Seq)
ChIP-Seq enables genome-wide mapping of protein–DNA interactions by combining chromatin immunoprecipitation with next-generation sequencing. It is widely used to identify transcription factor binding sites, profile histone modifications, and investigate chromatin organization. With minimal sequencing bias, ChIP-Seq provides valuable insights into gene regulation and epigenetic mechanisms in both normal and disease states.
RNA Methylation Analysis
RNA methylation is a critical post-transcriptional modification that regulates RNA stability, processing, translation, and gene expression. More than 100 RNA modifications have been identified, with N6-methyladenosine (m6A) being the most abundant modification in eukaryotic mRNA.
RNA Methylation Detection Methods
• MeRIP-Seq (Methylated RNA Immunoprecipitation Sequencing)
An antibody-based enrichment method that captures methylated RNA fragments for sequencing. It efficiently identifies methylated regions but does not provide single-base resolution.
• miCLIP (Methylation Individual Nucleotide Resolution Cross-Linking and Immunoprecipitation)
A high-resolution technique that detects RNA methylation at single-nucleotide resolution through antibody cross-linking. While highly accurate, its complex workflow and higher cost make it less suitable for routine applications.
• Nanopore Direct RNA Sequencing
Nanopore sequencing detects RNA modifications directly from native RNA molecules by measuring characteristic electrical signal changes as RNA passes through nanopores. This approach enables single-base resolution methylation detection without antibody enrichment or chemical conversion, making it a powerful tool for comprehensive epitranscriptomic analysis.
